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Accurate climate data at fine spatial resolution are essential for scientific research and the development and planning of crucial social systems, such as energy and agriculture. Among them, sea surface temperature plays a critical role as the associated El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is considered a significant signal of the global interannual climate system. In this paper, we propose an implicit neural representation-based interpolation method with temporal information (T_INRI) to reconstruct climate data of high spatial resolution, with sea surface temperature as the research object. Traditional deep learning models for generating high-resolution climate data are only applicable to fixed-resolution enhancement scales. In contrast, the proposed T_INRI method is not limited to the enhancement scale provided during the training process and its results indicate that it can enhance low-resolution input by arbitrary scale. Additionally, we discuss the impact of temporal information on the generation of high-resolution climate data, specifically, the influence of the month from which the low-resolution sea surface temperature data are obtained. Our experimental results indicate that T_INRI is advantageous over traditional interpolation methods under different enhancement scales, and the temporal information can improve T_INRI performance for a different calendar month. We also examined the potential capability of T_INRI in recovering missing grid value. These results demonstrate that the proposed T_INRI is a promising method for generating high-resolution climate data and has significant implications for climate research and related applications. 

Abstract Modifying the energy landscape of existing molecular emitters is an attractive challenge with favourable outcomes in chemistry and organic optoelectronic research. It has recently been explored through strong light–matter coupling studies where the organic emitters were placed in an optical cavity. Nonetheless, a debate revolves around whether the observed change in the material properties represents novel coupled system dynamics or the unmasking of pre-existing material properties induced by light–matter interactions. Here, for the first time, we examined the effect of strong coupling in polariton organic light-emitting diodes via time-resolved electroluminescence studies. We accompanied our experimental analysis with theoretical fits using a model of coupled rate equations accounting for all major mechanisms that can result in delayed electroluminescence in organic emitters. We found that in our devices the delayed electroluminescence was dominated by emission from trapped charges and this mechanism remained unmodified in the presence of strong coupling. 

Multicellular cancer spheroids are an in vitro tissue model that mimics the three-dimensional microenvironment. As spheroids grow, they develop the gradients of oxygen, nutrients, and catabolites, affecting crucial tumor characteristics such as proliferation and treatment responses. The measurement of spheroid stiffness provides a quantitative measure to evaluate such structural changes over time. In this report, we measured the stiffness of size-matched day 5 and day 20 tumor spheroids using a custom-built microscale force sensor and conducted transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging to compare the internal structures. We found that older spheroids reduce interstitial spaces in the core region and became significantly stiffer. The measured elastic moduli were 260±100 and 680±150 Pa, for day 5 and day 20 spheroids, respectively. The day 20 spheroids showed an optically dark region in the center. Analyzing the high-resolution TEM images of spheroid middle sections across the diameter showed that the cells in the inner region of the day 20 spheroids are significantly larger and more closely packed than those in the outer regions. On the other hand, the day 5 spheroids did not show a significant difference between the inner and outer regions. The observed reduction of the interstitial space may be one factor that contributes to stiffer older spheroids. 

A laser cavity is designed with a spatial mode that exploits the topology surrounding an exceptional point. 

A new scheme for ultrasensitive micro-ring laser gyroscopes based on the physics of exceptional points is proposed. In such systems, the sensitivity to low rotation rates can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude.